INDIAN SERPENT-LORE: OR, THE NAGAS IN HINDU LEGEND AND ART

The author has prepared the text of this discourse painstakingly. He explains that other nations have known or still practice this form of animal worship. But it would be difficult to quote another instance in which it takes such a prominent place in literature folklore, and art, as it does in India. Nor would it be possible to name another country where the development of this cult can be studied during a period which may be estimated at no less than three millennia. During so vast a space of time the deified serpents have haunted the imagination of the people of Hind. But even more astonishing is the endless variety of aspect under which the Nagas appear in Indian literature and art. We meet, on the one hand, with the primitive type of the reptile endowed with the magic properties which we are wont to associate with the dragon of western fable. On the other hand, the Naga frequently has the character of a waterspirit. Again, he may be able to assume any form he chooses, and commonly appears in human shape. In Brahmanical legend he may become a pious ascetic, in Buddhist lore he may even develop into a selfdenying saint very often these various types appear strangely blended. In the present volume it has been his object to collect the legends relating to the Nagas which are found in the Brahmanical and Buddhist literature of India. The three chief repositories of serpentlore, the Mahabharata, the Jataka Book, and the Rajatarangini, have, at least, been fully utilized. The stories here presented will certainly suffice to show the Nagas in that great variety of aspect to which reference has been made.